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In a study of residents of a Chicago public housing complex, women living in buildings with trees and grass immediately outside reported committing fewer aggressive and violent acts against their partners than those...

Kuo, Frances E., and William C. Sullivan. (2001). Aggression and violence in the inner city: Effects of environment via mental fatigue. Environment and Behavior 33(4), 543-471.

A Berlin study found that proximity to playgrounds in residential areas raised land values by up to 16%. The same study found a high number of street trees to raise values by 17%.

Luther, Mike, and Dietwald Gruehn. (2001). Putting a price on urban green spaces. Landscape Design: Journal of the Landscape Institute, 303, 23-26.

In a study of a Chicago public housing development, buildings with high levels of trees and greenery had 48% fewer property crimes and 56% fewer violent crimes than identical apartments surrounded by barren land...

Kuo, Frances E., and William C. Sullivan. (2001). Environment and crime in the inner city: Does vegetation reduce crime? Environment and Behavior. 33(3), 343-367.

Using cool roofs, urban shade trees, and high-albedo pavements to mitigate urban heat islands, can potentially reduce U.S. energy use for air conditioning by 20%, saving over $4 billion per year in energy use. When...

Akbari, Hashem, Mel Pomerantz, and Haider Taha. (2001). Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban areas, Solar Energy, 70 (3), 295-310.

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) symptoms in children are relieved after spending time in nature. The greener the setting, the more the relief. When parents with children with ADD were asked to list the activities...

Taylor, Andrea Faber, Frances E. Kuo, and William C. Sullivan. “Coping with Add.” Environment and Behavior 33, no. 1 (2001): 54–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139160121972864.

A study of low-income urban children before and after moving to different homes found that children whose new homes had the greatest increase in views of greenery and nature also had the highest levels of cognitive...

Wells, Nancy M. (2000). At home with nature: Effects of “greenness” on children’s cognitive functioning. Environment and Behavior, 32, 775-795. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139160021972793

A Dutch study determined the increase in property value for homes with nearby landscape amenities, based on the type of amenity. The most economically significant amenity, having a water body adjacent to the back...

Luttik, Joke. “The Value of Trees, Water and Open Space as Reflected by House Prices in the Netherlands.” Landscape and Urban Planning 48, no. 3-4 (2000): 161–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(00)00039-6.

Research in Tel Aviv determined that the presence of trees cooled the air from between 0.5°F on a heavily trafficked street to 2°F in a small (0.37 acre) garden. The study also found that the cooling effects could...

Shashua-Bar, L., and M. E. Hoffman. (2000). Vegetation as a climatic component in the design of an urban street: an empirical model for predicting the cooling effects of green urban areas with trees. Energy and Buildings. 31(3). 221-235.

Results of a study of 200 schools in South Carolina's Lowcountry showed that students ages 5 to 15 are four times more likely to walk to schools built before 1983 than to those built more recently.

Kouri, Christopher. Wait for the Bus: How Lowcountry School Site Selection and Design Deter Walking to School and Contribute to Urban Sprawl. A Report Prepared for the South Carolina Coastal Conservation League. Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy, Duke University (November 1999). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED451681. 

Residents at a Chicago public housing development living in buildings with more trees and grass reported that they knew their neighbors better, socialized with them more often, had stronger feelings of community...

Kuo, Frances E., William C. Sullivan, Rebekah Levine Coley, and Liesette Brunson. (1998). Fertile ground for community: Inner-city neighborhood common spaces. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(6), 823-851.

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